My Antonia Essays (774 words) - Antonii, My Ntonia, Antonia

My Antonia William Cather demonstrated a lot of data about the old wild west and the extension of the United States. In My Antonia, Jim Burden recounted to an account of his adolescence, the individuals throughout his life, and the battles he and his environmental factors looked during this time. At age ten, Jim Burden was sent by his family members to be brought by his grandparents up in the Nebraska grassland after his guardians passed on. At the point when he showed up at his new home, he was acquainted with a Bohemian family that just moved to America; the Shimerdas. Jim and Antonia, the Shimerda's little girl, immediately become companions. They ventured out a huge span to meet one another. As workers, the Shimerdas were not extremely affluent and getting on their feet was troublesome. They were cheated into purchasing their home for additional than it ought to have cost. The family made due with what they had, yet wound up requiring help from outside families. Mrs. Shimerda wound up getting numerous helpful apparatuses for their home from Mrs. Weight. The principal significant difficulty the Shimerdas confronted was the demise of Mr. Shimerda. He shot himself in the mouth and submitted self destruction. This hurt the family hugely. Antonia was given the obligations that her dad had and growing up for her changed in an issue of seconds. She was unable to join her individual colleagues in school since she had to watch out for the work around the house. She turned into the leader of the house. After time, the Shimerdas had another log home worked for them by the neighbors. The family kept on getting their important things from outside sources and began to construct another life. Afterward, the Burdens moved to a town called Black Hawk. They presently lived further away from the Shimerdas. Mrs. Weight gets Antonia an impermanent work helping their neighbors around the house. Antonia learned English much quicker and Jim met numerous new individuals. This is the place we meet Lena. Lena was a Norwegian young lady who later turns into a dressmaker, yet diverted men with her coquettish act and arranged never to wed. As Jim met new individuals and joined in the moves set up in the city, he saw the isolation and the speculations made about explicit individuals. He didn't care for it the slightest bit. The employed young ladies were the young ladies that worked for their huge families after they moved to America from remote nations. The young men didn't have the boldness to wed these young ladies. These young ladies were exploited also by their bosses and the men in the town. Ladies were not rewarded as equivalents. With age, Jim and Antonia turned out to be nearer and Jim starts to like Antonia more. Be that as it may, the sentiments were definitely not common. At that point, Jim and Antonia began to head out in their own direction. Jim began buckling down in his investigations at school and wound up going to Harvard to finish his pre-law examines. Much time has passed, and when Jim came back to Black Bird of prey, he discovered that Antonia had gotten pregnant and get back from Denver where the dad lives. At the point when she came back to the dad, she thought about him when he was sick and afterward he abandoned her leaving her broke and with nothing. Numerous things have changed through time as they have developed into grown-ups. Jim needed to see Antonia and made a decent attempt to discover her and discover what has occurred since he saw her last. At the point when they at long last rejoined, they perceived a bond they had that nothing could break. They had their youth that consistently brought them together. They went off on their different ways, yet at long last found one another what's more, they never dismissed what they had experienced together. They will continuously stay closest companions. I truly appreciated this book. It truly gave me a taste of what life in those days resembled. I enthusiastically suggest perusing My Antonia. This book shows numerous perspectives that makes living in this timeframe troublesome. So as to speak with different families or travel from one spot to another was extremely troublesome and tedious. The individuals would need to travel significant stretches in a wide range of cruel climate. Jim and his family regularly gone by horse in snowstorms to arrive at their goals. Additionally, at the start of the development, there were no streets. This made travel considerably more troublesome. Additionally, movement to America was happening quickly and numerous assorted individuals began to shape the new nation. There was a ton of isolation and neediness. The settlers were most certainly not

World's Fair Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

World's Fair - Assignment Example These thoughts showed as wanting to which the creator alludes to as usable future. In writers see, the subject of the reasonable was another idea; he encourages the peruser to accept that what was being offered to the watchers was simply dream. Dream was introduced to the watchers to permit them to envision and acknowledge it as the real world. When acknowledged as the real world, dream will in general stir the longing to look for what is being advertised. Dream was introduced in different structures; at certain spots it appeared as answers for their issues while at different spots the intention was to feature their social possibilities. Alluding to the cutting edge workmanship, the creator declares that there are two fundamental mental procedures that offer ascent to the different types of craftsmanship whether theoretical or other. Geology which follows rationale as its focal subject and fits in with the normal understandings of people. Geomancy then again is the result of introduction to internal encounters while following a discretionarily allowed number of factors. This suspicion might be valid for certain sorts of expressions, yet may not be appropriate to all fine arts. In creators see, geometry is engaging since it just must be inside sensible; while geomancy is enticing as it draws in the job of watcher alongside the craftsman to bring out something positive - plainly outperforming the cutoff points set by rationale. While discussing the overall accomplishment of geometry and geomancy the creator is of the view that geometry has in impact undeniably more noticeable than geomancy. The explanation behind this is the way that cutting edge shoppers have lost their capacity to value the delicate parts of workmanship which feature things like feeling, feeling, instinct and manticism. Since geometry portrays the inventiveness in quantifiable and consistent way and occupants of the advanced world are tuned to follow and see such introductions †geometry is progressively effective in workmanship

Blog Archive Beyond the MBA Classroom Kellogg Students KWEST

Blog Archive Beyond the MBA Classroom Kellogg Students KWEST When you select an MBA program, you are not just choosing your learning environment, but are also committing to becoming part of a community. Each Thursday, we offer a window into life “beyond the MBA classroom” at a top business school. Each year, incoming Kellogg School of Management students gather for the four-day Kellogg Worldwide Experiences and Service Trips (KWEST)  experience, during which they engage in volunteerism and tourist activities alongside the veritable strangers that will soon become their friends. KWEST experiences occur throughout the United States and internationally; the 2010 trips were to such locations as the Cayman Islands, Greece, Egypt, South Africa and Turkey. In 2011, the KWEST locations included Ecuador, Italy, Spain, Greece and France, and in 2012, students on KWEST adventures traveled to 19 different countries, such as Canada, Belize, Nicaragua, Croatia, Costa Rica, Portugal and Thailand. Some students even participate in a mystery trip: they do not learn their destination until they check in at the airport! During KWEST, students are not expected to discuss their work experience or academic/professional plans. Instead, students get to know each other on a more personal and intellect ual level, returning to campus well acquainted and even bonded. For in-depth descriptions of social and community activities at Kellogg and 15 other top MBA programs, check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Beyond the MBA Classroom Northwestern University (Kellogg)

Dr. Faustus Essay Satirizing Renaissance Humanism

Satirizing Renaissance Humanism In Dr. Faustus In Dr. Faustus, Christopher Marlowe has vividly drawn up the character of an intelligent, learned man tragically seduced by the lure of power greater than he was mortally meant to have. The character of Dr. Faustus is, in conception, an ideal of humanism, but Marlowe has taken him and shown him to be damned nonetheless, thus satirizing the ideals of Renaissance Humanism. M. H. Abrams A Glossary of Literary Terms defines Renaissance Humanism, stating that some of the key concepts of the philosophy centered around the dignity and central position of human beings in the universe as reasoning creatures, as well as downplaying the animal passions of the individual. The†¦show more content†¦Faustus is rarely more humanist than when he describes what he will do with his hell-bought power. Marlowes attack on humanism is subtle. He demonstrates an admirable complexity of narration as he weaves these grand-seeming gestures of the power of the individual in with the essential damnation that walks hand-in-hand with man. There is little or nothing which Faustus does which is not unto itself humanistic. His downfall is woven into the fact that he is and will always be human- thus, flawed. Marlowe creates a character who is intelligent, broad-based in his education, logical, and poetic... and still damned. Despite his humanism, he is unequivocally corrupt, a quality which Renaissance Humanism as a philosophy tended to gloss over. When Faustus achieves his power, he time and again fails to take advantage of it for any but the silliest operations. From the viewing of the Seven Deadly Sins (V, 277-322) to enchanting an offensive knight with horns (X, 52-80), the mans professed intentions of greatness are shown for the hopeless dreams they really are- they contain neither truth nor purpose, in the end, despite what Sydney stated. Marlowe points out again and again in conversation with the wise (if evil) demons

The Crisis Of The Global Economy Essay - 2016 Words

The Banking crisis began in 2007 and despite the efforts of the central banks and regulators to restore calm, it continued and gathered intensity for a further year. By the end of 2008 and early 2009 the financial system and the global economy appeared to be locked in a descending spiral and the prevention of a prolonged downturn became the primary focus on government policy. This was a global crisis with many countries suffering a drop in GDP, negative growth, bankrupted businesses and banks and thus high unemployment rates. This crisis was a systematic failure in which many problems led to an eventual meltdown of the global economy. But how did the UK manage this crisis and what policies are we using in the current macroeconomic environment where there is so much uncertainty surrounding the UK EU referendum and the current election of President Donald Trump. As the financial crisis intensified the government sought to use a mix of monetary and fiscal policies in order to keep inflation around 2% and maintain positive economic growth. Monetary policy aims to control the money supply through the central bank interest rate. Fiscal policy is the way in which a government adjusts its spending levels and tax rates to change the level of output in an economy. Both policies effects can be shown using a IS-LM diagram. Figure 1 IS-LM Model The IS/LM model, shows the relationship between interest rates and real output in the money market and goods services market. WhenShow MoreRelatedGlobal Economy : Global Economic Crisis1249 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Economic Crisis Introduction Trade among countries has been an important accelerator of economic growth. It has created employment opportunities for many people in the world. However, due to this trade-like financial openness the economy is exposed to external shocks. 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The once great powers of the world, the European nations, had completed a risky, and perhaps foolish, task. The world’s first regional economic system was successfully created. Now, almost two decades later, the world’s economies are on the verge of collapse, and it seems that no economy, other than the Eurozone, is at fault, due to its recent and quite careless

How and Why Is a Social Group Represented in a Particular...

Which social groups are marginalized, excluded or silenced in the text? Outline: * Show how Marjane Satrapi grew up under oppression during the Islamic Revolution in Iran. * Give and explain evidence of how the author presents that different social groups were marginalized/silenced. * Show how Marji and her parents shared the same beliefs when making reference to the regime. The graphic novel Persepolis, by Marjane Satrapi, explores her childhood years in the middle of the Islamic Revolution. Situated in the commotion of the overthrowing of the Shahs regime, and the war with Iraq, the reader learns how secularists, nationalists and even Muslims marginalized, excluded and silenced the modernists in Iran during the†¦show more content†¦Throughout the novel, Satrapi explores the differences between public and private life. Marjane and her mother, for instance, always wore their veils out in public, just like every other woman, but at home refused to. Satrapi makes a point of focusing on the immediate removal every time they return, intensifying the feeling that they can be themselves when not limited by the conventions of the regime, and revealing the degree of this urge for realease. Another detail that supports the contrast is the prevalence of the color black when depicting the outside world, pitted against the predominant use of white within their home. This stylistic device effects a harsh, visual contrast when portraying their interaction with fundamentalists; on page 5, for example, the modernists shouting â€Å"freedom!† - are all clothed in white, whereas the fundamentalists are all dressed entirely in black. This creates an obvious tension that intensifies the social divide. Throughout Persepolis, clothes act as an important symbol by heightening the difference between the fundamentalist and modern/progressive men and women: â€Å"There were two kinds of women† (75) and â€Å"There were also two sorts of men.† (75) One was either with fundamentalists, or against them; there was no forgiveness fo r opponents, and a mid-ground did not exist - anyone who disobeyed the rules was persecuted, imprisoned or forced to leave the country. ThroughShow MoreRelatedHow and Why Is a Social Group Represented in a Particular Way? Persepolis1429 Words   |  6 PagesWhich social groups are marginalized, excluded or silenced in the text? Outline: * Show how Marjane Satrapi grew up under oppression during the Islamic Revolution in Iran. * Give and explain evidence of how the author presents that different social groups were marginalized/silenced. * Show how Marji and her parents shared the same beliefs when making reference to the regime.    The graphic novel Persepolis, by Marjane Satrapi, explores her childhood years in the middle of the Islamic RevolutionRead MoreVisual Rhetoric in Persepolis1006 Words   |  5 PagesSatrapi, Marjane. Persepolis. Pantheon. New York. 2003 Question: How and why is a social group represented in a particular way? The Display of Revolutionists in Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis In Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis there are several important social groups that all play a role towards creating the whole picture that describes little Marji’s everyday life in 1970s Iran. The nature of the revolution during that time created a huge divide between the different social groups. This was dominatedRead More Persepolis: Changing Western Perceptions of Muslim Women Essay1756 Words   |  8 PagesMarjane Satrapi’s graphic novel, Persepolis, makes important strides toward altering how Western audiences perceive Iranian women. Satrapi endeavors to display the intersection of the lives of some Westerners with her life as an Iranian, who spent some time in the West. Satrapi, dissatisfied with representations she saw of Iranian women in France, decided to challenge them. In her words, â€Å"From the time I came to France in 1994, I was always telling stories about life in Iran to my friends. We’d see

Strategic Planning and Operating Environment †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Planning and Operating Environment. Answer: Introduction: Diary Product Producers is the new company in the dairy industry and it is improving its business gradually. The company is basically operating in the country Australia and the environmental factors of the Australian market affect the business operations of the company. it is important for the company to analyze the environmental factors effectively for the growth of the business. By the environmental analysis, Diary Product Producers will be able to understand the needs of the customers along with the existing competition in the market (Palmer, 2012). First analysis for the company is SWOT analysis that includes strength, weakness, opportunities and threats of the company in the business operations. SWOT analysis for the company Diary Product Producers is as follows: The company is helpful directly in improving the crop production level by providing cash income and drought power on daily basis. The company is providing employment to the population in rural areas especially women. By the production of dairy products, there is the regular income for the farmers. Core strength of the company is the continuous inspection, laboratory testing and monitoring along with the upgraded staff. The company is engaged continuously in house research and development. The company provides best quality of milk and dairy products to the customers that are the key strength of the company. Apart from the success, there are some weaknesses also in the company. Sometimes Diary Product Producers has to face the problem of the supply of raw material. Along with this, the feed availability for the cattle is not proper throughout the year. Further, there are no proper animal healthcare activities in the company. There is poor infrastructure in some areas to transport rurally-produced milk to the major processing centers. There is high demand of nutritious food in the society which is the big opportunity to expand its business. Government is also encouraging people to use dairy products in their daily lives. The increasing knowledge among the people about getting healthy food is also an opportunity for the company to grow in the market (Brodie, Brookes, Little, 2009). Natural climates such as drought, flood, and disease can affect to cattle and this can be a big threat for the company. Further, like all the industries, there is also strong competition in the dairy industry. Diary Product Producers is the new setup so it is going to be very difficult for the company to establish itself in the market. Further, seasonal fluctuations in milk products can also affect the business of company (Mullins, 2010). Porter five forces In the dairy industry, there are various restrictions and barriers imposed by the government to get entry in the industry. But for the company Diary Product Producers, the barriers to entry in the industry are relatively high. In the market, it is very difficult due to economies of scale in the manufacturing and distribution costs. For the mass production of the dairy products, there is the need of high capital so, for the small company it is going to be quite difficult at the national level. In the dairy industry, there are good substitutes available and many new products are developed by various companies. The availability of substitute products is increasing strong competition and pressure for the new companies in the industry. In the milk and dairy industry, the customers or end users always switch towards the low cost products so they give preference to the substitute products. So, the competitive pressure from the substitute products is stronger in the industry (Johnson, Whittington Scholes, 2011). In the dairy industry, the demands and requirements of the customers are growing continuously so, the competitive rivalry in the company weak in the industry. In the dairy industry, the buyer cost to the switching brands is relatively low. So, these affect the company strongly in the dairy industry. The switching cost of the buyers on the substitute products and brands is comparatively low so, the bargaining power of the buyers in the industry is high. Customers in the dairy industry are strongly affected by the disposable income and economy. When the disposable income of the customers declines, they start to purchase cheaper products. On the other hand, if the disposable income of the customers is increasing, they start buying more expensive products (Taylor et al, 2012). Along with this, customers in Australia are now becoming more concerned with the health issues due to the food consumption. The health awareness of the customers affects the companies and their sales. So they have to follow the rules and regulations imposed by government (Halbert Ingulli, 2011). Bargaining power of suppliers There are many suppliers of the milk product who are ready to supply the products in the market. So the bargaining power of suppliers is weak in this industry. In the dairy industry, the seller switching cost to the alternative suppliers is relatively low. So, the bargaining power of suppliers is weak in the industry and it directly affects the company. In the industry, the inputs of the suppliers are available easily so the suppliers bargaining power is relatively low in the industry (Cannon Homburg, 2008). Diary Product Producers is basically dealing with the three dairy products i.e. Full cream milk, Lite milk and Chocolate flavored milk. By analyzing the give financial, marketing and sales reports, it is analyzed that there are some gaps which are needed to be filled by the effective strategies. The gaps in the business are based on the sales, products and performance of the company. It is stated above that Diary Product Producers produces three main products i.e. full cream milk, Lite milk and Chocolate flavored milk. To get success in any business, it is important for the company to provide quality products and the success of any products depends upon the ratings given by the customers in the market. if any product is performing low, then there is the need of effective strategy to improve the performance. The product Chocolate flavored milk has got 50% rating from the family segment. On the other hand, full cream milk, Lite milk have 60% ratings. In case sales of the three products, it is analyzed that as compared to full cream milk, Lite milk, the sales of Chocolate flavored milk is quite. In the segment sales, families prefer full cream milk for the consumption. In this segment, sales of Chocolate flavored milk are very low. In the segment of wholesalers and distributors, there is no sale of Chocolate flavored milk. It means, this product of the company is not so much preferred by the customers. There is the need of improvement and strategy to analyze the actual problem with this product. By analyzing the business performance of the plant 1 in Diary Product Producers, it is observed that the company is operating basically in three products i.e. Full cream milk, Lite milk and Chocolate flavored milk. The gross profit of the company is $338,722.36 in which the product Lite Milk is performing well with the $1, 60,000. The product Chocolate flavored Milk has less profit as compared to other tow products. So, there is the need to improve its performance by adopting some strategy so that some innovations can be done (Srensen, 2012). Business objectives The objective of Diary Product Producers in the dairy industry is to carry out the business activities for the economic development of the company by producing dairy and milk products efficiently within the processed form in the market. The strategic objective can be achieved by the centralized marketing, centralized purchasing and pooling the milk effectively. The aim of the company is to provide quality milk, milk products to the customers at the affordable price (Rothaermel, 2013). In this strategy, Diary Product Producers should focus on the sakes of Chocolate flavored milk as it can be seen that customers do not prefer this product. So the proper support would be required tom improve the sale for particular product. Company should make aware the customers for that product whose sale is low as compared to other products. New suppliers and new places are needed to distribute Chocolate flavored milk to more customers. The positive sales can be achieved by developing new offers for the customers (Carpenter Fairhurst, 2009). In the business level strategy, Diary Product Producers should identify the strategic priorities for the business operations. Company should set qualitative and quantitative KPTs to measure the business. Company should analyze the business process to deal with various issues. For the business development, the company has to focus on the collaboration with various countries. The company will has to consider various issues such as local supply chain, country of operation, reviewing policy and programs and environmental rules and regulations (Ghobadian, 2008). In the functional level strategy of Diary Product Producers, the company should adopt proper marketing mix for the products which are to be offered to the customers. For the company Diary Product Producers, the long term marketing strategy can be implemented by the proper planning and effective marketing mix. Diary Product Producers is the brand offering milk, milk based products and food items in Australia. The products of the company are categorized in the different favor of milk i.e. Full cream milk, Lite milk and Chocolate flavored milk. These brands of the milk cover the product strategy in the marketing mix of the company. The company should bring more dairy products for the customers. The prices of the milk products are affordable so that anyone can afford easily. The company should use penetrative pricing strategy to attract the customers. Along with this, company should maintain the differential pricing strategy to deal with the competitors. The company has high price of Chocolate flavored milk as compared to other products and this product is not so much preferred by the customers. This can be due to high price of Chocolate flavored milk. So, company should drop down the price to improve the sales (Gebauer, 2008). In the dairy firm, distribution is the important part of the business so company should focus on the various regions of the country. To save the middle men costs, the main suppliers of the company should be farmers and cooperatives. The company should try that the customers can find the milk products very close to their homes to build customers loyalty and preferences. For the effective promotion, company should use TV commercials and radio advertisements. Company should also tie up with the cashless payment companies like Paytm and UPI to cover the entire marketing mix (Alvarez Casielles, 2008). The aim of then discussed strategy for the Diary Product Producers is increase the market share by providing best quality of milk products to its customers and to build the trust for long term. Core objective of the company by strategy implementation is to maximize the profit. The strategy for the company includes paying best prices to the farmers for their work rather than making profit. So, some strategies adopted by the company are focused approach, common branding, product differentiation, smart marketing and product development and assured quality. Action plan and recommendations For the success of Diary Product Producers, the action plan for next five years is described below. The objective of this action plan is to focus on the high returns, achieve goals, and set the timeframe for the business activities. To achieve greatest possibility of success and greatest return, this action plan should be very effective e for the Diary Product Producers (Wheelen Hunger, 2011). The action plan for the company Diary Product Producers are as follows: Category Activity Month Cattle nutrition and feed Identify various feed concentrate manufactures with which the company should improve the nutritional value and cost effectiveness. May- September 2018 Milk quality Engaging producers in the hygiene and milk preservation process to improve milk quality. Improving support services such as testing laboratory, and veterinary service provides. October- December 2018 January 2019 Finance and investment Encouraging proper financing to produce high quality products and improving milk production in terms of quantity and quality Supporting farmers to get crops and focusing on transportation and processing equipments February-May 2019 June December 2019 Association development Promoting the development of dairy production in the country by working with various collaborations (Munksgaard et al,2012) January- May 2020 Recommendations To get positive growth and success, there are some recommendations for Diary Product Producers which must be adopted by the company along with implementing the action plan in the business activities. Company should look outward by monitoring and evaluating the performance of the products at the local and global level. Company should actively innovate and invest in the technologies to deliver nutrition and improve long-term economic value. Company should cooperate transparently and actively in the supply chain to add value and build trust. Company should focus on building skills and talent to make a culture of continuous learning and improvements. Company should focus on the engaging the customers to communicate effectively, listen to them and to involve them in the business related activities especially on nutrition. Further, company should also focus on minimizing the negative environmental impact for the commercial success. At last, company should on improve animal welfare to improve the standard and welfare of the dairy cow. References Alvarez, B. A., Casielles, R. V. (2008), Consumer evaluations of sales promotion: The effect on brand choice: European Journal of Marketing, 39 (1), 54-70 Brodie, R. .J, Brookes R .W., Little, V., (2009),Towards a paradigm shift in marketing; an examination of current marketing practices: Journal of Marketing Management, 13(5), 383-406 Cannon, J. P. Homburg, C., (2008), Buyer-supplier relationships and customer firm costs: Journal of Marketing, 65(1), 2943 Carpenter, J. M., Fairhurst, A., (2009), Consumer shopping value, satisfaction and loyalty for retail apparel brands: Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 9 (3), 256-269 Gebauer, H., (2008), identifying service strategies in product manufacturing companies by exploring environmental strategy configurations: Industrial Marketing Management, 37(3), 278-291 Ghobadian, A., (2008), Formal strategic planning, operating environment, size, sector and performance: Journal of General Management, 34(2): 1-20 Halbert, T., Ingulli, E., (2011), Law and Ethics in the Business Environment, (7th), Cengage Learning Johnson, G., Whittington, R., Scholes, K. (2011), Exploring Strategy, (9th), Prentice Hall Mullins, J., (2010), Marketing Management. The McGraw-Hill Companies Munksgaard, K., Clarke, A., Storvang, P., Erichsen, P., (2012), Product development with multiple partners: Strategies and conflicts in networks: Industrial Marketing Management, 41(3), 438-44 Palmer, A., (2012), Introduction to Marketing: Theory and Practice, Page 501, (3rd), Oxford: Oxford University Press Rothaermel, F. T., (2013), Strategic Management: Concepts, McGraw-Hill Irwin Srensen, H.E., (2012), Business Development: a market-oriented perspective, John Wiley Sons Ltd. Taylor, W. C., Franzini, L., Olvera, N., Poston, W. S. C. Lin, G. (2012), Environmental audits of friendliness toward physical activity in three income levels: Journal of Urban Health. 89(2). Pp. 296-307 Wheelen, T. L., Hunger, J. D., (2011), Concepts in strategic management and business policy, IND: Pearson Education

The Issue of Immigration, Its Causes and Effects

Free Essays on Tragic Reason Within The Quotation Marks

Have you ever discovered an interesting character in a play or story that you thought didn’t know what they were doing? Some would be baffled by discovering that concept within the pages of a Neo-Classical play, Phaedra, by Racine. This work of literature would be considered by many to be nothing but a triadic play with little or no reasoning. Sometimes the reasons behind one’s actions can be foretold by what you read in-between the quotations marks. Examination will be complete over three interesting quotes from three exceedingly different characters from within this saga. Phaedra with her obsessive nature dealing with controlling her passions; Oenone showing that she understood how important her mistress’s honor was; and then Theseus complete with uncontrolled jealousy and blinded by his rage condemns his son to death. To start with we will observe a women beaten down and plagued by her own desires, and does not know how to handle her emotions. The main character of the play and a title role as well, Phaedra, was overcome with passion for her step-son and expresses her burning desire to expire in order to save not only her name, but her children and Theseus’s as well. In Act III, Scene 3, line 35 is where Phaedra shows how affected she is by the feelings she craves with every fiber of her being for her stepson, but yet is not afraid to die rather then give into them. â€Å"Death is not fearful to a suffering mind.† Its philosophical meaning proves that Phaedra was not afraid to die, but to was more distressed about her letting herself give into temptation with Hippolytus. She has an honorable grasp to what she must have to do in order to keep the family name respected among the people. Phaedra lets no one know of her mania except her maidservant Oenone, which will lead us to our secon d analysis. When one thinks of a servant, Oenone is the perfect example. One might suggest that she takes the job a bit too far at times, and t... Free Essays on Tragic Reason Within The Quotation Marks Free Essays on Tragic Reason Within The Quotation Marks Have you ever discovered an interesting character in a play or story that you thought didn’t know what they were doing? Some would be baffled by discovering that concept within the pages of a Neo-Classical play, Phaedra, by Racine. This work of literature would be considered by many to be nothing but a triadic play with little or no reasoning. Sometimes the reasons behind one’s actions can be foretold by what you read in-between the quotations marks. Examination will be complete over three interesting quotes from three exceedingly different characters from within this saga. Phaedra with her obsessive nature dealing with controlling her passions; Oenone showing that she understood how important her mistress’s honor was; and then Theseus complete with uncontrolled jealousy and blinded by his rage condemns his son to death. To start with we will observe a women beaten down and plagued by her own desires, and does not know how to handle her emotions. The main character of the play and a title role as well, Phaedra, was overcome with passion for her step-son and expresses her burning desire to expire in order to save not only her name, but her children and Theseus’s as well. In Act III, Scene 3, line 35 is where Phaedra shows how affected she is by the feelings she craves with every fiber of her being for her stepson, but yet is not afraid to die rather then give into them. â€Å"Death is not fearful to a suffering mind.† Its philosophical meaning proves that Phaedra was not afraid to die, but to was more distressed about her letting herself give into temptation with Hippolytus. She has an honorable grasp to what she must have to do in order to keep the family name respected among the people. Phaedra lets no one know of her mania except her maidservant Oenone, which will lead us to our secon d analysis. When one thinks of a servant, Oenone is the perfect example. One might suggest that she takes the job a bit too far at times, and t...

What it takes to be a Successful Enterpreneur Essay

What it takes to be a Successful Enterpreneur - Essay Example According to authors Stevenson and Amabile, the origin of the term entrepreneur, literarily defined as â€Å"’undertaker’—has been around for over two centuries, having been introduced in the early eighteenth century by the Parisian banker Richard Cantillon† (Stevenson and Amabile par. 1). In this regard, the essay aims to proffer crucial information that would describe entrepreneurial behavior and what it takes to be a successful entrepreneur. The discourse would be presented through an initial discussion of diverse definitions of the term entrepreneurship from secondary sources, prior to delving into one’s personal contention and point of view. In addition, the common traits or characteristics of successful entrepreneurs would likewise be determined and expounded. Finally, the remarkable experiences of some of the most successful entrepreneurs would be perused. A concluding portion would highlight the relevant points discussed through the paper. D efinition of Entrepreneur According to Endres and Woods, an entrepreneurial behavior exemplifies manifestation of â€Å"the motives and acts enabling entrepreneurs to reach decisions in their roles as creators of profitable opportunities and as exploiters of those opportunities† (Endres and Woods 2-3). New Combinations, a website devoted to social studies of entrepreneurship has complied definitions of the term from The Handbook of Economic Sociology by Smelser and Swedberg, where Howard E. Aldrich has been cited to provide an effective and concise summary of various definitions of entrepreneurship, to wit: (1) the setting up of high-growth and high-capitalisation firms (as opposed to low-growth and low-capitalisation ‘lifestyle’ businesses); (2) innovation and innovativeness leading to new products and new markets (the Schumpeterian tradition); (3) opportunity recognition (the Kirznerian tradition); and (4) the creation of new organisations (New Combinations par . 1). From among these definitions, one observed that for an activity to be categorized as entrepreneurial, the endeavor must be innovative, leading to a discovery of something new (products, services, markets or organizations), and entails the use of vast resources to achieve high returns. Characteristics of Successful Entrepreneurs In a study conducted by Acharyaa, Rajanb, and Schoarc, they identified that the characteristics of successful entrepreneurs are actually categorized according to: (1) psychological traits (achievement motivation, locus of control, meta-cognitive activity, need for dominance, passion for work, and self efficacy); and (2) cognitive reflection (IQ), risk aversion and time preference (Acharyaa, Rajanb and Schoarc). These authors’ findings indicate that successful entrepreneurs exhibit achievement-motivated behaviors where achievable goals are clearly set and strategies effectively designed to attain them. They are manifest internal locus of controls, described as â€Å"they personally are in control of their destiny and that luck and fate have only a modest influence on the outcome of events. For internals, personal destiny comes from within and therefore they tend to be self-reliant and independent† (Acharyaa, Rajanb and Schoarc 5). In addition, successful entrepreneurs were deemed to be good meta-cognitive skills learners, defined as â€Å"taking conscious control of learning, planning and selecting strategies, monitoring the progress of learning, correcting errors, analyzing the effectiveness of learning strategies and changing learning behaviors and strategies when necessary† (Ridley et al. 1992; cited in Acharyaa, Rajanb a

Unemployment after graduation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Unemployment after graduation - Essay Example In the American workforce, for example, millennial are less than 30%. The remaining 70% attended college in the 1970s and 1980s. This workforce educated in the 1970s is responsible for making decisions whether one can join their business based on their conservative and primitive ideas of what the ideal candidate should have. Before reaching the interview phase, someone screens out tons of resumes that a company receives. If one’s resume does not have the perfect majors, one never comes to know them in person but hopes to be the best match for the job. Lots of recruitment are not done by HR professionals but are carried out by technical managers who seek for individual with similar career and academic backgrounds as them. University and college education is more of innovation, which many managers fail to capture (Medien n.d.). Graduates who were leaving college and university found it hard to get jobs in 2011 more than students finishing A-level courses. This observation was made while youth unemployment reached its highest level since the 1980s. About one in 10 students is unemployed six months after graduation. Approximately 9% of those who finish full-time degrees are out of work. In 2011-2012, out of more than 230,000 graduates, 72% were working, 15 % were studying while 9% were unemployed (Sharma 2014). When unemployed graduates seek work for six or more months is considered as the worst form of joblessness. The consequences of long periods of joblessness are significant. The graduates face personal, financial, and health care hardships. An analysis of long-term unemployment for the period running from 2000 to 2003 reveals that people without employment for six or months has increased at a high rate of 198.2%. Job seekers with college degrees have hard times getting employment and their long term unemployment rises by 299.4%. In an effort to the jobless recovery, job creation

Marketing communication mix

Marketing communication mix ABSTRACT: The whole work revolves around the subject of marketing communication mix. Considered to be derived from marketing mix. Communication mix consists of advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, direct marketing and PR. For I-phones they use caples principle of advertisement. Advertising is effective but expensive Personal selling is expensive but is considered as cost-effective Sales promotion uses pull or push strategy. Direct marketing is common way used now days. To select right communication mix we should always use products life cycle to determine. Should keep a good eye on products sale to find the most effective way for advertisement Characteristic and role of each and every communication mix differ. LITERATURE REVIEW: I followed three different books and used AIDA, john caples principle and example of i-phone in my assignment. Most of the items I used were written by Philip kotler. I tried to use some facts and figures to prove my findings and as books being credible source I tried to use them rather than using internet sources. Mostly pictures are copied from internet only and all the items are referenced accordingly. Dr. kotler is considered one of the worlds leading authority on management and is considered pioneer writer in the field of international marketing and branding. MARKETING COMMUNICATION MIX: In this era of digital technology and competition, no one can survive without marketing; either its the product, brand or a service. The best definition of marketing was given by Al Ries and Trout â€Å"marketing is the performance of those activities which seek to accomplish organizations objective by anticipating customer or client needs and directing flow of need-satisfying goods and services from producer to customer or client.†(Source: Al Ries, Trout jack, 2006, marketing warfare, McGraw hill companies. Inc.) MARKETING MIX: Marketing alone couldnt be taken on account to anticipate and fulfill the customer needs. To just check the existence and evidence of presence of marketing communication mix we will look at 7 Ps of marketing. In 1960 Mccarthy came up with 4 Ps of marketing. The marketing mix according to some authors was already used as term before her in 1940s while later in 1980 booms and Bernard came up with 3 more Ps. The use of these 3 Ps is still debatable and is criticized by many people. (Sources: http://www.continuumlearning.com/Customer%20Services_7Ps%20of%20Services.pdf, http://www.netmba.com/marketing/mix/) MARKETING COMMUNICATION MIX AND IMPORTANCE: As from above we have seen that the marketing is not only about promoting your product but also depends other 6 factors but as we are talking about communication mix, it mostly relates to promotion. The communication is required between the customer and the business in order to increase the transactions or to maximize the daily sales of the business. It is important to mention here that the right communication mix is important to be chosen which suites the business needs and is the clearest way for the business to convey the message. Belch, E. and Belch A. describe Integrated Marketing Communications as â€Å"a concept of marketing communications planning that recognizes the added value of a comprehensive plan that evaluates the strategic roles of a variety of communication disciplines and combines these disciplines to provide clarity, consistency and maximum communications impact†.(source: http://www.oppapers.com/essays/MarketingCommunicationsMix/13818.). In 1961 according to the same author Albert Frey was the first one to distinguish between communication tools and offering. Simply saying offerings are the service u offer used e.g. product, price and brand etc while tools you use such as place; promotion etc. so according to him which ever way you take you will use all your approaches for people. (Smith p r, Taylor Jonathan, 2004, 4th edition, marketing communications, Gutenberg press ltd, Malta) From all the discussion above we can conclude that the communication mix tools are as follows: The most common used promoting media used are:Internet, telesales, banners, broachers, radio, TV, telephone, newspaper etc. According to caple principle of promoting or advertising: Get attention Hold attention Create desire Make it believable Prove its a bargain Make it easy to buy Give reason to buy CASE STUDY: From my point of view, I-phone uses this kind of strategy for their sales. Most of the times we see the I-phone holding the whole last page of newspaper and showing what this product can do and the other ordinary phone might not be able to. The product before and after launch is advertised so many times to remind the customer of the phone that a lot of customers are attracted. As result many customers buy the product and we normally see the line in front of apple shops when the product is launched. They use sale promotion strategy for ending line of product. I.e. they used the sales promotion where they were finishing line of 2.5g (1st generation I-phone) where they reduced the price of phone, in order to boost the sale and finish the line of product when it was on declining stage. This helped company to get some potential customers. ADVERTISING: Advertising is said as very simple but expensive form of promotion. Advertising can be different depending on product or media used. For example on TV or it can also be in the form of internet advertisement. But this is considered most expensive because anyone who uses this have to either use large campaigns or use their lots of time in this kind of promotion. Advertising is the form of promotion is considered as non-personal promotional mix because the business doesnt know if their message is received by its customer or not, do people understand the product etc. CHARACTERESTIC OF ADVERTISMENT: According to Kotler characteristic of advertising are Public presentation: advertising is considered as highly public mode of communication and people consider this kind of promotion more because they consider that the offer they have been made through the media is standard. Pervasiveness: it is the medium of communication where a seller can repeat its message many times and this as a result help buyer to compare the sellers product with other competitors or substitute available. Amplified expensiveness: means that if company use little bit of different way or expensive way from its competitor, it might result in getting buyers attention. Impersonality: means that the customer or buyer is not as much motivated to buy the product or service as much as he is through a sales agent. As it is one way communication so the customer might wants to know about the product but cant because he cant speak to advertisement. The most common way of advertisement is TV, radio, newspaper, broachers and magazines etc.The advertisement is really beneficial in creating long term relationship between consumer, product and business. E.g. coca-cola uses all time red color for advertisement of their product and uses same advertisement many times a day to attract customer. PURPOSE OF ADVERTISMENT: The main purpose of advertisement is to get buyers attention, which creates interest and a desire rises in customer following the action (buying). According to the same website UK advertising expenditure in 2008 was  £18.6 billion. Not only that but also if we notice in our daily life routine we might go to some place and pay attention to the product for which we have seen advertisement recently. Sometime on local buses we see some poster and think that do we need the product or not and sometime even though we dont need it we might end up buying it. PERSONAL SELLING: It is considered to be one of most cost-effective kind of promotion. Some books also consider this as the most expensive one as well because of wage cost to the company, travelling cost and the company always have to offer the people with some kind of incentives to boost sales. Personal selling is considered effective because the business can feel the consumers requirement and can make up a package for consumer in order to fulfill their needs. The consumer can also look at the packages that suits best to their needs and can also tell the sales representative about their needs .e.g. British gas etc. Normally we see people from gas and electricity companies doing this kind of promotion. CHARACTERESTIC OF PERSONAL SELLING: According to Kotler(1997) the main characteristics are Personal confrontation: involves consumer and business representative where the need of consumer can be felt by the supplier. They can either come to some point of agreement or the business can offer some flexibility to consumer in order to gain or retrieve a customer. Cultivation: means that the business can adjust their offers according to customers need in order to maintain good relationship between business and customer. Sales representatives mostly use affectionate and friendly kind of approach towards their customers. Response: means that the buyers mostly respond to their seller and their response can be taken in account to increase sale. The response can be either good or bad depending on what customer feels about the product. ROLE: The main role of personal selling is mostly Acquire new potential customers and provide old customers the best service. Try to sale the product efficiently After sale provide them with best services Close the sale If resources or stock become less try to allocate other resources to make sure that customer remain in business with us. Though this kind of selling is decreasing due to presence of media like internet, TV and telephones. The costly method still used but only by some companies. Most of the companies have changed with changing world. SALES PROMOTION: It is normally used to boost the sale mostly at declining stage of the product. It offers the customer with either discounts or some kind of other special offers which results in customer attraction and as a result customer buys the product. Normally business uses coupon, special offers ands discounts etc. This kind of promotion is only good for short term and doesnt lead to long term relationship between business and customer. For example some companies use even ebay to do their promotions by using bid auctions like a company called EOL (end-o-line). Another is example is to supply customer with offers like by 1 and get 1 free etc. CHARACTERESTIC: According to Kotler three distinctive benefits and characteristics are Communication: mostly this kind of promotion gets the customers attention and provides customer with the information which may lead to transaction. Incentives: the business introduces some kind of concession, offers or vouchers to increase the sale temporarily. Invitation: the customers are usually forced to do the transaction soon by saying either till stocks last or till the date. This helps business to get more transactions in the limited time. ROLE: Sales promotion normally uses push, pull. These play an important role in any sales promotion. According to davedolak.com business uses push strategy to get the traders to stock their items and also give good offers, as a result, the trade people put more sales effort in order to maximize their profit. The product might be sold again to one of the wholesalers or end consumers. This is normally used in B2B relationship. The pull strategy is that the consumer is offered a good discount on buying product from the business. Sometime it is also used as a term that the business waits for the consumer to turn up and order the product and is produced, as they cant stock of the products life cycle. This is used for B2C relationship. Normally car suppliers and showrooms use this kind of strategy to promote sale to consumer and finish the old stock. PUBLIC RELATIONS: This kind of promotion is used by company to make their image better in public eyes. There is a different department for this kind of promotion. These departments mostly try to improve their companys goodwill in consumers eye. For example Durex the condom makers donated 50,000 condoms to NGOs in December on world aids day. The other thing they started was that they went to the social networking website â€Å"Facebook† and launched some games in order to increase awareness and sales. The company or business might do some charities or sponsor some kind of good cause. The companies might also use newsletter or news releases to improve PR. CHARACTERESTICS: According to Kortley(1997) role of PR is High credibility: most of the time people trust news or articles more than other like advertisement, personal selling or sales promotion. ABILITY: it is much easier to catch people who avoid personal selling. So the message is read by more people and this might result in more sales. DRAMATIZATION: it also has potential of setting company or product reputation at the level which company is not in real life. This can be the result of advertising as well. ROLES: In normal routine of life these people play an important role in image of a company as they are the one responsible for news releases and the charitable functions. The PR has to make sure that they do their work through the right channel so that it can be recognized by the people. E.g. they shouldnt help the cause of cutting trees as it might hurt many peoples feelings. They should try to reach those people who cannot be reached because they avoid personal selling etc. another thing that they should try to help campaigns with their product rather than money as it will improve the products sale and image. For example IBM provides non-profit companies with discounted price on purchase of their items. DIRECT MARKETING: This type of promotion is used by mails, telemarketing and catalog marketing. This is quite effective way of promotion because the response can be taken on account to increase sale or acquire new customers from other competitors. E.g. sometime we receive a call on our numbers offering different services or products (especially on landlines). Some other schools of thoughts also consider e-marketing as a part of this promotion type like e-mails for promotions or sales. (Kutler, 1997). CHARACTERESTICS: According to Kutler(1997), there are four types of direct marketing. Nonpublic: the letter or e-mail or telephone is for specific person who have subscribed to some offers. Customized: normally can be different for two different customers depending on their buying history. Up-to-date: offer can be prepared delivered quickly using e-marketing or telesales. Interactive: customer can be offered with much more different choices in this kind of promotion. ROLE: Normally companies use bombardment of e-mail to many customers and wait for their response. This way have been used a lot now days and is becoming less effective as people always consider them as junk e-mail. Another way of e-marketing is using social websites like facebook to introduce or advertise the product. E.g. durex used this kind of strategy and introduced some games on social networking website to increase the sale. Another way is cataloging, where the businesses send the people to drop the catalogue and the consumer can call and order the product. Last but not least now they use special television channels and phone calls to inspire and get some business from the potential customers. CRITICAL ANLYSIS: As from all the information we have seen the characteristic which are most probably advantages while in introduction of ever kind of promotion I have discussed some disadvantages as well to make sure that the business using any kind of this can know the harmful and useful points of their promotion and the role tells us the importance of the particular communication mix. IMPORTANCE: The importance of marketing communication mix can also be felt when we see that it is connected with the marketing mix. The research on this started from 1940. It flourished with the entrance of new media. Businesses always try to use communication mix to get the share and attention of market. Due to increased competition level we can use one of the tools to acquire new customers in the market. Right communication mix can be used by realizing right target customers. SELECTION OF RIGHT COMMUNICATON MIXES: As we discussed earlier about the I-phone, we will now see how the product should be advertised through out its life cycle to make it a success. PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE: First stage is pre introduction stage where we use very small amount on advertising and just to let people know that we are launching some new product. On 2nd stage i.e. introduction we use PR and advertisement. On3rd stage of growth we need heavy amount of money to be spent in order to make product successful in the market. At maturity level we use less advertising as a tool but now we use more and more sales promotion and PR. At the decline we use sales promotion but some company might use direct marketing as a tool as well to provide customers with good offers. The first and foremost thing for any campaign is that it should know who their target market is and what age group they are looking for. Then depending on their objective they can use one of the models to solve their problem. COMMUNICATION OBJECTIVE: Depending on market type the company or business should enter in, the business should decide their communication objective depending on their product and policies. Depending on your product, target market and business you can select the model and decide what should be the strategy from pre introduction stage till the decline stage. For example in case of an innovation free trial is important. Apple used this kind of strategy when they allowed people to take computers, pc or laptops to home and could use it over the weekend as trial and can buy it after they think the product is efficient enough for use. COMMUNICATION LANDSCAPE: According to Kotler (2008) businesses are moving towards the focused marketing rather than mass marketing. The businesses use the tool of advertisement and promotion in the places where they should and only focus on their target market and people rather than the old technique of sending their message to many people which may result as one of the do the transaction. People do not pay attention to ads and promotion of the product they might not be interested in, most of the time they try to skip the section of advertisements and breaks while watching TV. So it is important to have the right focus group now days to increase sale and transactions. Kotler and his fellow writers used word of broadcasting which is to play the advertisement for mass media thinking that it might result in transaction. The other word he used was narrowcast where only interested and potential customers are target. He used these terms in his â€Å"shifting marketing communication model†. According to them due to change in ICT and presence of internet people are motivated to use online sources to watch their favorite programs and skip the ads in between the breaks. Only few people might watch those. Although mass media like TV and radio is evergreen but is decreased because of presence of internet. An average person spends 5 times more time on internet than TV. Thats why companies now use their ads on internet and use social networking websites for publicity etc. e.g. companies like Cadbury uses the statement on their website â€Å"find us on facebook†.(source: kotley Philip, armstrong garry, wong veronica, saunders john, 2008, principles of marketing, fifth edition,pearson education ltd. ) CONCLUSION: All the companies or businesses have to spend in this field to make sure that they get the expected results from the product and the business. If the company fails to use right communication mix at the right time, their product will be a waste for them and might result in little sale. All 5 communication mix together can lead to a good business, as they all can be used depending on life cycle of the product. The communication objectives should be kept in mind for a successful business. Depending on the product the message should be designed appropriately to reach to the audience. RECOMMENDATIONS: Businesses should identify their needs first. Businesses should try to fix the budget for promotional and advertising purpose. Businesses should allocate resources in case of no resource available to keep the campaigns going. Business should also allocate fixed amount of money or products to PR as well. Sales promotion times should not be fixed on introduction time. The message should be designed professionally and to the perfection. For the products affordable method should be chosen. The business should try to use same logo or slogan for their products. PR should try to use news release and other form of media to improve reputation of the company. Checks on sale should be carried out by the business in order to find most effective communication mix for their company. REFRENCES: BOOKS: Al Ries, Trout jack, 2006, marketing warfare, McGraw hill companies. Inc. Smith p r, Taylor Jonathan, 2004, 4th edition, marketing communications, Gutenberg press ltd, Malta Kotler Philip, 1997, 9th edition, marketing management, prentice hall international inc. kotley Philip, armstrong garry, wong veronica, saunders john, 2008, principles of marketing, fifth edition,pearson education ltd. WEBSITES: http://www.provenmodels.com/files/123ef9407d8e6d92371d23abbff78ac3/aida-sales-funnel.gif http://www.adassoc.org.uk/aa/index.cfm/adstats/ http://www.davedolak.com/promo.htm http://www.emeraldinsight.com/fig/0350470802001.png http://www.davedolak.com/promix.htm https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnmtoEuN4tdFS5oqWSsJhogx0xwo_Hc2JwVUkSVKFgACKfwrCF-lWgpOX6nRgP3ROqUqWdnOm5XY6tB-1fiiIEkmxD_iBrk9QtexIKvqvAJH8c8P_eRtujtV5nf6xHmqJQM53tqylfnA5K/s400/promix.gif http://www.davedolak.com/advtg.htm http://www.sales-and-marketing-for-you.com/images/marketing-mix-structure.jpg http://www.continuumlearning.com/Customer%20Services_7Ps%20of%20Services.pdf http://www.netmba.com/marketing/mix/ http://www.oppapers.com/essays/MarketingCommunicationsMix/13818 http://tutor2u.net/business/marketing/promotion_personalselling.asp http://www.techsoup.org/learningcenter/hardware/archives/page9665.cfm http://www.jobbankusa.com/career_employment/public_relations_specialists/job_descriptions_definitions_roles_responsibility.html http://www.erdm.com/USPS_White_Paper.pdf

Mosquito :: essays research papers

In the article â€Å"The Mosquito in the Net,† author Marc Gunther explores the impact of a small environmental group, Rainforest Action Network, on corporate giants such as Citigroup, Home Depot, Ford, and others. Gunther provides examples of how corporations are influenced by RAN’s less than conventional campaigns and how corporate environmental polices are changed in response. By applying the six theories, one can gain a better understanding of how RAN’s tactics are justified and effective. The utilitarian theory seeks the greatest good for the greatest number of people. In the article, the effort of RAN to hold corporations to a higher environmental standard appears to support the utilitarian theory. For example, RAN targeted Citigroup for its support of logging, mining, and oil-drilling projects due to the impact on rainforests, indigenous people, and the acceleration of global warming (Gunther, 2). Global warming, although a very long term problem, clearly has a world wide impact. Thus, by applying a utilitarian approach it appears that the greatest good for the greatest number of people is met by RAN’s efforts to stop global warming. Under the rights theory, consumers and corporations have the right to choose. Consumers must have the ability of choosing what is good or what is bad, without influence from third parties (Weiss, 88). From the article, it appears that RAN is a third party influencing both corporate decisions. For instance, RAN turned buyers against Boise Paper in order to influence where and how Boise purchases wood for their production of paper (Gunther, 4). However, most Americans have a low regard for big business, and most believe that RAN’s efforts are protecting the environment, thus RAN is essentially protecting the consumers’ rights from big business (Gunter, 3). The justice theory states that one must verify whether RAN’s efforts to influence corporate policy and decisions are a violation of the law (Weiss, 87). With a budget of $2.4 million and a staff under 30, RAN has to resort to some unique techniques to influence corporations that rank on the Fortune 500. These techniques include street theater, internet organizing, celebrity endorsement, and others, all for the purpose of bothering corporations until they give in (Gunther, 2). As long as the tactics used by RAN are legal, they are justified under the justice theory. The application of the free market theory assumes that as long as corporate action is not breaking any law; no interference by the government is essential (Weiss, 168).

Brain and Social Learning Theory Essay

1. What aspect of behaviorism made it attractive to critics of the psychoanalytic perspective? How did Piaget’s theory respond to a major limitation of behaviorism? Psychoanalytic theory emphasized on the individual’s unique life. However the theory was criticized because many of its ideas were too vague to be measured or tested for. They mainly focused on case studies. Behaviorism studied directly observable behaviors through stimuli and responses, thus allowing researchers to be measure and test behaviors. Piaget’s theory acknowledged the biological aspect of learning in a child’s development, which was a major limitation in behaviorism. He also argued that children take an active part in their learning. 2. Although social learning theory focuses on social development and Piaget’s theory on cognitive development, each has enhanced our understanding of other domains. Mention an additional domain addressed by each theory. Social learning theory is also known as imitation or observable learning, it is a powerful source of development. Bandura made huge contributions to the social learning theory. His experiment explained the reasoning behind why children modeled others. Children imitated others based on their history of reinforcement or punishment for a behavior. He then revised his theory because cognition also played a huge role in this theory. He theory soon to be known as the social-cognitive theory. Social-cognition theory ​is the view that people learn by watching others. In  psychology, it explains personality in terms of how a person thinks about and responds to one’s social environment​. Children gradually become more selective with imitation because through watching others self-praise or self blame and through feedback, a child develops personal standards and self-efficacy. (belief that their own abilities will help them succeed). In Piaget’s cognitive-developmen t, a social aspect can be recognized in his stages. He believed that children’s learning depended on reinforces, for example rewards from adults. Piaget  believed that as the brain develops, a child’s experience expands. He characterized these stages into four broader stages based on distinct ways of thinking (sensorimotor/preoperational/concrete operational/formal operational). Not only did he explore how children understood the physical world, but he also looked into their reasoning of the social world. Through developing the stages, it also sparked the research for how children saw themselves, other people and human relationship. 3. A 4-year-old becomes frightened of the dark and refuses to go to sleep at night. How would a psychoanalyst and a behaviorist differ in their views of how this problem developed? A psychoanalyst believes that fears are from experienced events or the fear is a symbol of something that happened in the past. So if a child was afraid of the dark maybe the child was left at a young age and is afraid of being alone. Freud theorized that all phobias are a direct result of unresolved conflicts between the id and the superego. The id is the part of our brains that acts solely based on emotions, while the superego is our conscience, the part of our brain that acts based on value judgementsÍ ¾ acting contrarily to the judgements of the superego will create a sense of guilt, and  that sense of guilt can lead to unwanted behavior, like phobic behavior. More specifically, Freud theorized that phobias result from the superego repressing the desires of the id, and one of the most common repressions is the desire. A behaviorist believes that a child acts a certain way due to a response that has been rewarded. In other words if the child acts scared of the dark, he or she is expecting to be able to have a light on or be comforted by the adult. That is what happened the previous time. According to a behaviorist the way a child reacts to something can be ultimately affected by conditioning. To explain why the child has now become afraid of the dark, many would look to the parents for an answer. If the child relates an event or occurrence that happened in the dark it may then cause a long lasting fear in that child’s mind. An example could be something as simple as a book that the child’s father read about monster’s under the bed which could then  lead the child to believe that there really are monster’s under their own bed. A behaviorist would suggest for the parent to reassure the child that being in the dark is in fact not scary and reinforce the idea until the child lets go of this fear. Behaviorists will want to diffuse the behavior and then educate the child on how to control that behavior. 4. Explain how each of the following recent theoretical perspective regards children as active contributors to their own development: information-processing, evolutionary developmental psychology, Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, ecological systems theory, and dynamic systems perspective. ââ€"  Information processing – The theory states that at the time information is presented to the senses at input until it emerges as a behavioral response at output. The information we obtain is continuously being coded for, transformed and organized. Therefore children actively engage in thinking processes where they decided what action they should pursue for the task they are accomplishing. ââ€"  Evolutionary development – Focuses on seeking understanding the adaptive values of species-wide cognitive, emotional and social competencies as they change with age. Evolutionary psychologist believes that human’s large brain and extended childhood resulted from the need to master complexities of human group life. Therefore, newborns play an active role as they continue to grow and explore the world around them. The brain continues to be stimulated through experiences that contribute to many other factors such as emotion and social interaction. ââ€"  Vygotsky’s Sociocultural theory – Children actively acquire their ways of thinking and behavior that make up community’s culture through social interaction. In particular through conversation with knowledgeable members of society. Adults and peers help children master culturally meaningful events. Children are active and constructive beings, but in regards to Vygotsky’s theory, cognitive development relies more so on social interaction. ââ€"  Ecological Systems Theory – Focuses on a bidirectional  relationship between the child and aspects in his environment from four levels: the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and macrosystem. The child is an active contributor to their environment through the bi-directionality of their relationship with their environment. For example, an  easy-going and happy child will receive more positive stimulation from their parents, and other aspects of the environment. ââ€"  dynamic systems perspective- It is a system that combines the child’s mind, body and physical and social worlds form an integrated system that guides mastery of new skills. Stage like transformations occur as children reorganized their behavior so components of the system work as a functioning whole. 5. Why might a researcher choose structured observation over naturalistic observation? How about the reverse? What might lead the researcher to opt for clinical interviewing over systematic observation? Researchers may choose structured observation over naturalistic observation due to their ability to control the experiment. In naturalistic observations, researchers are limited to observe particular behavior in everyday life, due to the limitations of this technique. By setting up a laboratory situation, structured observations allow the researchers are able to evoke the behavior of interest and also allowing participants an equal opportunity for them to display the reaction. One would choose clinical interviewing over systematic observation for several reasons. Clinical interviewing allows participants to think as close as possible to their everyday lives and large amounts of information can be collected in a short period of time. Whereas in systematic observation the accuracy of the study can be reduced by observer influence and observer bias. 6. Explain why, although a research method must be reliable to be valid, reliability ​ does not  guarantee ​  validity.  Reliability is referred to consistency or repeatability of a measures of behavior. In order to be reliable, observations and evaluations cannot be unique to a single observer. Reliability does not guarantee validity, because reliability cannot be measured. For it to be a valid study, the experiment must be able to be measured. Often times, it is difficult to measure clinical and ethnographic studies because it does not yield quantitative scores. In order to guarantee validity researchers must examine the content of the observations and self-reports to make sure all behaviors of interest are included. In regards to research designs, there are two broader types of validity used. Internal validity refers to the participant influencing the result, but not any other unwanted variable. Whereas external validity refers to the extent that research can b e generalized or extended to others. 7. Why are natural experiments less precise than laboratory and field experiments? Often times when researchers cannot randomly assign participants or manipulate conditions in the real world, they use the natural experiment to avoid these limitations. Natural experiment use treatments that already exist, which are compared. The participants are carefully picked for groups in order to get the most similar characteristic. Creating an opportunity for the desired situation can prove problematic in a naturalistic experiment.. There also isn’t a way to have a control in a natural experiment, so the results cannot be compared as easily. Natural experiments are less precise because it is harder to isolate one variable than in a laboratory or field experiment. In field experiments, participants are randomly assigned to treatment condition in a natural setting. However in laboratory experiments, researchers assigned participants equally to two or more treatment conditions. There are two variables being tested for, independent and dependent variables. They are categorized through events and behaviors of interest. 8. Explain how cohort effects can distort the findings of both longitudinal and cross-sectional studies. How does the sequential design reveal cohort effects? The cohort effects both longitudinal and cross-sectional studies because it dismisses their findings because it does not represent the entire population. In longitudinal studies, there are chances of a bias sampling therefore the participants in this particular experiment may only represent  the population who are interested in this experiment. Often times, selective attrition takes place where participants either drop out or withdrawal from the experiment. Longitudinal may study different ages over time, but it does not take into consideration of the participants in different cultures. Whereas in the cross-sectional studies, it doesn’t account for an individual’s development, since people are studied in groups this causes a cohort effect. Through sequential design, cohort effects can be dismissed by comparing multiple experiments which present the same ages at different years. If both longitudinal and cross-sectional studies are similar, comparisons of both experiments can too be compared and further adding confidence to the data. 9. Cite evidence indicating that both heredity and environment contribute to the development of children with PKU and Down syndrome.  PKU is caused by the inheritance of two recessive alleles which causes inhibit individuals from digesting the amino acid, phenylalanine. If left untreated, the child can become mentally retarded by the of age 1. However, in the US, all babies are given a blood test for PKU and if the disease is found, the child is placed on a diet low in phenylalanine. Even the smallest amount of phenylalanine can be damaging. Children with PKU often show deficits in cognitive skills like memory, planning, decision making, and problem solving. If the diet low in phenylalanine is kept persistent than those affected by PKU can show average intelligence and normal development. st​  Down Syndrome is caused by inheriting an extra 21​  chromosome. Brian studies of those affected  by down syndrome shows reduced brain size, along with mental retardation, memory, and speech problems, and slow motor development. Most individuals affected by down syndrome who live over the age of 40 usually contract alzheimer’s, which is linked to the 21st chromosome. Environmental factors that could affect down syndrome are the mother’s age and health. Children with Down syndrome smile less readily, show poor eye contact, and explore less than those without. For this reason, it is very important for caregivers to encourage their child to be more engaged in their  surroundings. This encouragement can help them to develop better. These children also benefit from intervention programs, which helps them develop better socially and emotionally, however not as much intellectually. 10. Referring to ecological systems theory, explain why parents of children with genetic disorders often experience increased stress. What factors, within and beyond the family, can help these parents support their children’s development? In the ecological system, the relationship between the child and and the parents (part of the mesosystem) is seen as bidirectional. The parent’s of child with genetic disorders would feel increased pressure and stress from their child, because the may demand more from their  environment. The parents can benefit from support from third parties outside of their system. However, its also important that parents receive support within their system, their spouse. Children with genetic disorders tend to have behavioral issues that could affect their parent’s marriage. If the parents have an unstable relationship, it can cause problems for the child. If the parents have a stable relationship, than more positive attitudes will be proj ected towards the child. Positive attitudes will positively impact the child’s development. It is also helpful for a family to have a positive neighborhood connections and environment, especially in low income families, for support. 11. Why is the period of the embryo regarded as the most dramatic prenatal period? Why is the period of the fetus called the â€Å"growth and finishing† phase? The period of the embryo is regarded as the most dramatic prenatal period because this is the most rapid prenatal changes. During this stage, the groundwork is laid out for all body structures and internal organs. Since all parts are developing, this would be consider the most vulnerable stage for the embryo and it would be most susceptible to teratogens and serious defects. The period of the fetus is referred to as growth and finishing phase because this is the stage in where the organism is rapidly growing in size. Not only will the organism grow rapidly in size during the fetus period, but towards the end of pregnancy will mark the finishing product after the fetus is fully grown. the muscle and nervous system become more refined. Sex of the fetus can also be detected. 12. How  is brain development related to fetal capacities and behavior? What implications do individual differences in fetal behavior have for the baby’s temperament after birth? The human brain is not fully developed at birthÍ ¾ much human brain development continues after birth. Nevertheless, a baby is not a blank slateÍ ¾ they come equipped with a surprising range of abilities and capacities. Babies have the beginnings of sophisticated sensory capabilitiesÍ ¾ sensitive to range of frequencies of women’s voicesÍ ¾ sensitive sense of smell. Brain development is related to fetal capacities and behavior because babies come into the world with a built-in learning capacities that permits them to only profit from experience immediately. Infants are only capable of two basic forms of learning, classical and operant learning. They also learn through natural preferences for novel stimulation and eventually through observing others. Infants have an impressive statistical learning where they can rapidly analyze speech stream for patterns. The acquire a stock of speech structures for which they will later learn meanings, long before they can start to talk. Immediately after birth, babies demonstrate differences in temperament (inclination to engage in a certain style of behavior) †¢ Approach (react positively to new stimuli) vs. withdrawal (react negatively to new stimuli, i.e.: cry, fuss, etc.) †¢ Easy (don’t cry as often, not as demanding) vs. difficult (fussy, demanding) †¢ Some aspects of temperament tend to remain stable over the course of development, as a result of early nurturing experiences 13. What is epigenesis, and how does it differ from gene–environment interaction and gene–environment correlation? Provide an example of each.  Gene-environment interaction means that because of a person’s genetic-makeup, individuals differ in responses to qualities environment. For example, in an experiment to test intelligence, Ben would score a higher score as the stimulus was enriched, whereas Linda’s would rise and then fall sharply due to the enriched stimulus and Ron would only respond to the environment as it becomes more stimulating. Gene-environment correlation is a concept that states our that our genes  influence our environments. There are three categories to explain this idea. Passive correlation refers to a child having no control over their genes and the environment. Instead, parents play a huge role in passive correlation for they may encourage their to be athletic because they both grew up playing sports, thus assuming their child would too have the same preference. Evocative correlation refers to the responses a child elicit from others are influenced through heredity. Thus this stimulation strengthens the child’s original style. For example an active baby will gain more attention and social stimulation than a child who is passive and quiet. Active correlation refers to children being actively engaged in their experience and environment. This is process that is described as niche-picking. Both of these theories focus on a one direction exchange. Epigenesis sees development as a bidirectional exchange, the environment influencing the genes and the genes influencing the environment. For example, an aggression gene found on the X chromosome in males showed no correlation of them being more aggressive than the ones without the gene, UNLESS, the child with the gene was exposed to child abuse. The combination of both the gene and the environmental factors contribute to the expression of aggression. The more aggressive a child acts, the more maternal anger or criticism they would receive, this shows how the environment can act on a gene and vice versa. External and internal stimulation both affect the expression of a gene. 14. How do the diverse capacities of newborn babies contribute to their first social relationships? Newborns are considered to have plastic brains because they are able to mold into their environment or recover from traumatic experiences due to the plasticity of their brain. Neurons are yet assigned a location in the brain to perform specific functions, therefore their first social interaction is crucial in the first few moments that newborns are brought into the world. Their first social relationship is extremely important to create a bond with whom the child first meets, for example, their mother. 15. Cite evidence that motor development is a joint product of biological, psychological, and environmental factors.  Environmental – Parental encouragement plays a huge role in a child’s  motivation to complete the task they set forth to accomplish. With constant praise and reinforcement, a child will continue to strive to complete more tasks. As new skills are being acquired, there is a joint process occurring  when mastery these motor skills. The central nervous system, body movement capacities, the goal the child has in mind and the environment supports the skill being developed. Biologically – In the early weeks of life brain and body growth are especially important as infants achieve control over the head, shoulders, and upper torso. Psychological – Through curiosity, a baby will be motivated to explore their surroundings, therefore desiring to master new task. A baby’s goal to get a toy or crossing the room will motivate them to accomplish the task. Through multiple attempts and practice, the infant will eventually master that particular motor skill and continue to integrate and redefined their already mastered skill. 16. Explain why either too much stimulation or too little stimulation over an extended time negatively disrupts early development.  Early stimulation and late stimulation can both be harmful to newborns. Early stimulation on newborns can enhance one specific skill, but also hinder many other skills in future development. Stimulation too late in development can also hinder skills because they lag behind other developmenting babies due the lack of stimulation. This refers to the developmental aspect of the brain where pruning occurs. Information that is not stimulated enough that is crucial for further development will be negatively affected. 17. What implications do findings on children from Eastern European orphanages have for the controversy over the lasting impact of early experiences on development? Studies done on children adopted from Romanian orphanages show significant findings in their physical and cognitive development. The majority of the orphans adopted before 6 months that were adopted all catch up in physical and cognitive development. Whereas, babies who were adopted after the 6 months period were unable to catch up physically and cognitively, which subsequently impaired their intellectual  abilities. Thus the findings found indicate that early, prolonged institualization leads to a generalized reduction in activity in the cerebral cortex, especially in the prefrontal cortex which governs complex cognition and impulse control. 18. How does stimulation affect brain development? Cite evidence at the level of neurons and at the level of the cerebral cortex. Stimulation is vital when the brain is growing most rapidly. Stimulation allows the neurons to create synapses within the brain to stored newly learned information. However, information which are continually stimulated will more likely to remain in long term memory rather those that are not, also known as pruning Formation of synapses are most rapid during the first 2 years, especially in auditory, visual and language areas. The cerebral cortex is the largest brain structure and the last structure to stop growing, therefore it is the more sensitive to environmental influences. It also contains the greatest number of neurons and synapses. The prefrontal is responsible for movement and thought, this particular area in the brain undergoes rapid myelination and formation and pruning  of synapses during preschool and school years also followed by another accelerated growth in adolescence, when it reaches an adult level of synaptic connections.

Evil In Young Goodman Brown And A Good Man Is Hard To Find.

Evil in Young Goodman Brown and A Good Man is Hard to Find The short stories, A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery O Connor and Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne, introduce into each of their stories characters impacted by malefic. A path deviation undertaken by the family in A Good Man is hard to find leads to a perilous end. On the other hand, the road that takes Brown in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown leads him into an endless misfortune. With different traits and attitudes of the other characters, going throughout history to adopt different approaches on the dark side, The Misfit, the grandmother, and Brown somehow end up being isolated from their Communities. The evil is found in both stories on the path they take. Death†¦show more content†¦The grandmother would like the children to see plantations that she saw when she was young in the town of Toombsboro. As they set out on the road in search of plantations, the family meets the misfit. In Young Goodman Brown, Faith begs her husband, Brown, not to leave. But he leaves because he would like to make this trip. When he goes to the forest, he expresses himself and says, Faith kept me for a while. This passage gives a glimpse that shows that his wife was delaying his journey and his faith in God too. Brown sinks into the forest; the devil receives him in a dark world, his lack of faith allows the devil to spread an illusion of people engaged in the ritual. The common point in these two stories is that it starts with a trip and travelers believe they could find happiness in the destinations they want to take. Far from their expectations, evil meets them and forever changes their destinies. Although they begin in a good atmosphere, the evil is present in the two stories in several facets. In A Good Man is hard to find although trying to find the location of the plantations, the family takes a path to go in a city called Toombsboro. This name is symbolic and means burnt in a grave. That s not something positive. The family has an accident along the way. It turns out that the Misfit was in the vehicle that made a stop to lend them a hand. The grandmother recognizes the Misfit; she tries blindly to save him and asksShow MoreRelatedCharacter Analysis Of Young Goodman Brown719 Words   |  3 PagesYoung Goodman Brown, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, is the story of a young Christian mans struggle between good versus evil, and the loss of his innocence. All of us harbor a propensity for evil regardless of the mask that we put on for society. After meeting the devil in the woods one evening, Goodman Browns eyes are opened to the reality of the Puritan society in which he lives. Many of the people in attendance at the meeting were trustworthy, church-going individuals who turn out to be devilRead MoreA Good Man Is Hard And Find By Flannery O Connor And Young Goodman Brown1702 Words   |  7 Pagestwo stories I chose were A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery O Connor and Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Both of these stories have characters who acknowledge their lives changed by taking a risk on evil. The main characters, Goodman Brown and the Grandmother, believe they are good Christians who will receive glorious rewards when they pass. While Hawthorne analyzes the Puritan/Calvinistic beliefs that are confusing and harsh, Goodman can t find restitution. 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Hawthorne composed a literary work that creatively illustrates the quintessential human struggle between the good and evil within every human to ever walk the earth. However, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† does not simply walk us through this struggle, as many other storiesRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1083 Words   |  5 Pagesmost known stories is â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† – a story wherein Hawthorne mixes faith and history to demonstrate humanity’s struggle with sin. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† could possibly be regarded as a Spiritual story of symbols and inevitably as a disapproval of Puritan Calvinism. This is apparent once someone considers the tale through a mixture of symbolism and an intellect of the Puritan beliefs. Hawthorne incorporates symbols and allegories all through the story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† to exemplify the PuritanRead MoreThe Intertextuality Relationship Between The Stories Of Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been, And Young Goodman Brown1595 Words   |  7 PagesThe intertextuality relationship between the stories of, â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been†, and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†. Both share a modern gothic, interpretation that investigates the dark side of the human nature. Each story carries out hidden connotation while together have comparable mayhem galore. Both stories have a well-defined central commotion, articulated in ways where both characters in each story confront a surreal event. Giving more clear understanding of its hidden meaning.Read MoreAnalysis Of Young Goodman Brown1078 Words   |  5 PagesMs. Schmitt 18 September 2017 Young Hypocrite Brown The story of Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne takes place in Salem, Massachusetts, during the time of the Puritans and the Salem Witch Trials. Hawthorne takes us inside the mind of newlywed Goodman Brown by using third person point of view, as he journeys through the deep, dark forest looking to meet with a suspicious someone. Brown falls into the temptation to do evil and to do things a not so Goodman would do, which also plays into